Hitler And Gandhi Essays - Adolf Hitler, Hitler Family,

Hitler And Gandhi In the late 1800's and the early 1900's the people of northern Europe, southern Africa and Asia were in despair. They had no leaders. They were defenseless. India had been taken over by the British Empire and now the 315 million Indians were under the rule of the 100 thousand British soldiers there. In Germany there were six different political groups; nobody knew what to do. These countries were in shock, they need a change, but more importantly, they needed a leader. Mohandas K. Gandhi was a law student, born and raised in India, but schooled in England. Early on in his career he returned to his birthplace and attempted to practice law there, but he was very unsuccessful. A few years later he moved to South Africa, and again attempted to set up a law practice there. But South Africa was now in British control and the Indian lawyer was subjected to a lot of racial prejudice. Almost immediately he was abused because of his heritage and his law practice went down the drain. Gandhi began to notice the awful discriminations that all Indians suffered from. In 1894 he began a movement that would shape the way that Indians are viewed even today. He began to take charge; he began to lead his people. Adolf Hitler was born in Braunau, Austria in 1889, about the time that Gandhi was realizing his mission in life. Like Mohandas K. Gandhi, Hitler was very smart as a child. Being the son of a public servant, he was able to attend the best schools and was able to partake in any extra-curricular activities he desired. All his father wanted was for his son to follow in his footsteps and attain the rank of public servant or even better, but the boy was very stubborn and when his father refused to let him chase a career as an artist, he decided to stop doing his work, and his grades began to fall drastically. When his father died he quit school and for the next few years lived off his family's money. He did nothing but read books, draw pictures and daydream all day long. When he was 18 (in 1907) he moved to Vienna, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and tried to get into an art school there. But unfortunately for the world, he failed his entrance exams, twice. His mother died a few years later and he inherited quite a bit of money, so for the next part of his life he lived quite comfortably in Vienna as an "artist." Around this time Hitler became very interested in politics. He joined the military and became a Social Democrat. He developed a huge hatred for Jews and Slavs and became an extreme nationalist. He recognized that no form of government could ever last as long as the people of all different nationalities were treated equally. When the war broke out in 1914, Hitler immediately volunteered. He was accepted and served as a messenger. But Hitler was too smart to stay as merely a messenger. His knowledge of war and his extreme military tactics helped him to achieve the rank of corporal. After Germany's defeat in World War I, the country went into a state of turmoil. When Hitler recovered from the shock of having lost the war, he joined a small political group called the German Workers Party. He quickly gained rank and changed the name of the political group to the National Socialist German Worker's Party. The NSGWP was soon to take over the title of Nazis. In May of 1929, the NSGWP had only about 3% of the Germans following them, but by the time Hitler took over in 1933, around 35% of Germany were backing the Nazis. In 5 years Hitler had taken over the NSGWP and Germany. Hitler rose because Germany needed a leader, and that was exactly was he offered them. Hitler and Gandhi both gained the respect of their people in very short periods of time. They both even used some of the same techniques. Both Hitler and Gandhi knew that writing and having his thoughts and ideas published was very important, but the only way to really get the peoples attention was to go out and speak to them. "...the people can be moved only by the power of speech." They both used speech as a weapon and they used it well. At one point in his life, Hitler even refers to the, "magic[al] power of the spoken

Global Economy and International Security India

Global Economy and International Security India The world of two super powers has ceased to exist. Now researchers note that the world is multi-polarized. Some researchers think that China is more likely to take the place of the USA in several years (Rachman 2011). Some think that the world will remain multi-polarized where countries will have to cooperate (Nowak 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economy and International Security: India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, all researchers agree that the world is changing. Countries which were regarded as outsiders several decades ago acquire leading positions. India is one of these countries. Admittedly, the new order affects the world as well as each country in particular. It is necessary to note that many countries including India adopted Western ways at some point of their history. This brought them to the international arena. Thus, India is now becoming one of the most influential countries i n the world. The country has become a part of the global economy (Feigenbaum 2010). Of course, the country has become a part of geopolitical relationships. For instance, India is often seen as an US ally (Rachman 2011). The USA is interested in India’s development which can be a kind of counterpoise to China’s growth. It is but natural that the ties between the USA and India are growing stronger (Feigenbaum 2010). These ties are manifested in different areas: economic, political and even military. The USA has been the country that spent a lot on military development (Feigenbaum 2010). Now China and India become the rivals of the USA in this ‘rating’. Notably, this development is quite beneficial for the USA as India is the country’s ally in the region. India also has its strategic partners in the region. Thus, Pakistan and Afghanistan are these allies. The long-lasting conflicts between the countries have not been solved, but the countries became st rategic partners in certain fields. Thus, India adopts democratic (western) ways. The political situation in the country confirms that India chooses western approaches. There have been numerous upheavals and riots (Pant 2008). There even were numerous attacks. Different political forces have tried to achieve certain goals. Nonetheless, the country managed to overcome those difficulties to focus on its development and growth. It is important to note that India is now playing an important role in the region. The support of the USA has enabled the country to develop rapidly. Of course, India has certain influence on such countries as Afghanistan and Pakistan. Undoubtedly, it affects China as well.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In fact, India is majorly regarded as a rival to China which starts playing a very important role in global economy and politics. India i s the country which prevents China from becoming the single super power in the region and one of the most influential countries in the world. It is also necessary to note that economies of the two countries just like any other country in the world have many ties. The financial crises of the recent decades have shown that now all countries are parts of a single system (Rachman 2011). Now international relationships are based on understanding that changes in some part of the world will inevitably cause changes in the rest of the world. India is one of the illustrations of this trend. Thus, growth of China has led to various changes in the world arena. The USA is losing its leading position as China as well as other former outsiders is a rapidly growing economy. At the same time, India’s development prevents China from becoming a leading power in the region, as well as in the rest of the world. Reference List Feigenbaum, Evan A. 2010. â€Å"India’s rise, America’s interest.† Foreign Affairs, foreignaffairs.com/articles/65995/evan-a-feigenbaum/indias-rise-americas-interest . Nowak, Wolfgang. 2008. â€Å"The challenges of the new world order.† Spiegel Online International, spiegel.de/international/world/rise-of-the-rest-the-challenges-of-the-new-world-order-a-581853.html . Pant, Harsh V. 2008. â€Å"Will Kashmir protests and terrorism thwart India’s global ambitions.† Yale Global Online, http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/will-kashmir-protests-and-terrorism-thwart-india%E2%80%99s-global-ambitions . Rachman, Gideon. 2011. â€Å"Think again: American decline.† Foreign Policy, foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/01/02/think_again_american_decline .Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Economy and International Security: India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

What Were The Political, Economic, And Social Circumstances That Led Essay

What Were The Political, Economic, And Social Circumstances That Led To The Holocaust - Essay Example However, the Jews were not the only victims of Nazism. It is estimated that as many as 15 million civilians were killed by the Nazi regime, including millions of Slavs and 'asiatics', 200,000 Gypsies and members of various other groups. Furthermore, thousands of people, including Germans of African descent, were forcibly sterilized.1 The word holocaust originally derived from the Greek word holokauston, meaning "a completely (holos) burnt (kaustos) sacrificial offering", or "a burnt sacrifice offered to God". In Greek and Roman pagan rites, gods of the earth and underworld received dark animals, which were offered by night and burnt in full. Holocaust was later used to refer to a sacrifice Jews were required to make by the Torah.2 Initially, the Nazis used killing squads, the Einsatzgruppen to conduct huge open-air killings, in some instances murdering as many as 33,000 people or more in a single day, as in the case of Babi Yar. However, by 1942, the Nazi leadership decided to implement the Final Solution, the genocide of all Jews in Europe, and increase the pace of the Holocaust. While concentration camps and labor camps to contain political enemies had existed since soon after the Nazis came to power in 1933, the Nazi leadership built six extermination camps, including Treblinka and Auschwitz, specifically to kill Jews. Millions of Jews who had been confined to diseased and massively overcrowded Ghettos were transported to the "Death-camps" where they were either gassed or shot, usually immediately after they disembarked from trains.3 As the war started, massive massacres of Jews took place, and, by December 1941, Hitler decided to completely exterminate European Jews. In January 1942, during the Wannsee conference, several Nazi leaders discussed the details of the "Final Solution of the Jewish question" (Endlsung der Judenfrage). Dr. Josef Bhler urged Reinhard Heydrich to proceed with the Final Solution in the General Government. They began to purposely deport Jewish from the ghettos and all occupied territories to the seven camps designated as Vernichtungslager, or extermination camps: Auschwitz, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Maly Trostenets, Sobibr and Treblinka II. Sebastian Haffner published the analysis in 1978 that Hitler from December 1941 accepted the failure of his goal to dominate Europe forever on his declaration of war against the United States, but that his withdrawal and imminent calm thereafter was sustained by the attainment of Hitler's second goal-the annihilation of the Jews.4 The execution of the Final Solution resulted in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust. However, mass killings of over one million Jews had already begun before the plans of the Final Solution were fully implemented in 1942, but it was only with the decision to eradicate the entire Jewish population that the extermination camps were built and industrialized mass slaughter of Jews began in earnest. This decision to systematically kill the Jews of Europe was made by the time of, or at the Wannsee conference, which took place in Berlin, in the Wannsee Villa on January 20, 1942.5 In addition to the Jews, the Roma and Sinti were also targets of the Holocaust which resulted in about 220,000 deaths in the Holocaust (some estimates are as high as 800,000), between a quarter and a half of the European population. Other groups deemed "undesirable", especially Poles, Soviet military prisoners of war including Russians and other Slavs, the mentally or physically disabled, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Communists and political dissidents and criminals, were also persecuted and murdered.

Holocaust Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Holocaust Children - Essay Example Some of these groups were Socialists, Communists, homosexuals, and Jehovah's witnesses. The Jewish population in Europe was at 9 million in 1933. As part of their 'Final Solution' the Nazis killed two out of every three Jews in Europe. Under the Nazi tyranny about three million Soviet prisoners of war died out of starvation and neglect, and maltreatment. The Nationalist Socialist government, during the beginning of the Nazi rule created concentration camps to capture political and ideological challengers. In his book Frankl mentions, "we who lived in concentration camps can remember the men who walked through the huts comforting others, giving away their last piece of bread" (86). These camps were also used to detain Roma, Jews, and other victims of racial hatred. Ghettos, forced labor camps, and transit camps were established to monitor the Jewish population. After the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Einsatzgruppen and militarized battalions of Order Police Officials were used to carry out mass murder of the Jews and other racial groups. Millions of Jews and oth er groups were deported from Germany and occupied territories, to killing centers, ghettos and extermination camps where they were killed in gas chambers. "Before the war began the Nazis had used the word 'evacuation' to mean 'expulsion'" (Rossel and Altshuler 43). In an attempt to prevent Allied liberation of the prisoners they were moved by train or forced marches. These marches were called death marches and continued till 7th May 1945, this was when the German forces surrendered to the Allies. "Children, swept up by the winds of terror, became perhaps the most explicit targets of destruction from the early stages of Nazi action" (Eisen 12). In accordance with their ideological views that is, for security reasons or as part of the so called racial struggle, the Nazis killed children from what they called the unwanted and dangerous groups. The German and their allies killed these children as retaliation to supposed partisan attacks or as part of their ideology. "In its relentless racist attack lasting from 1939 to 1945, the Nazi Holocaust exterminated 1.5 million innocent children throughout Europe" (Vromen 1). This included thousands of Gypsy children, German children who were mentally and physically disable, polish children, children living in the captured Soviet Union and over a million Jewish children. Jewish and non-Jewish adolescents were deployed as forced labor. The destiny of these children can be categorized as being killed at the time of birth, getting killed at the killing centers, being killed in institutions, surviving as by being hidden by the prisoners, being used in medical experiments, being used as laborers, or being killed during reprisal operations. Jewish children died from starvation, lack of clothing, lack of shelter and exposure. The Germans considered the ghetto children to be useless and unproductive and called them "useless eaters" and were very indifferent towards their death. Upon arriving at the Killing centers and Auschwitz-Birkenau, the children were directly sent to the gas chambers. Thousands of children were shot by the German authorities at the edges of mass graves in occupied Soviet Union and Poland. The agonized Jewish council chairmen had to decide the first victims for killing; they had been forced to do so by the German aut

Foreign Direct Investment---Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Foreign Direct Investment---Economics - Essay Example What exactly are foreign direct investments, and why have they increased so steadily What factors make foreign direct investments such a popular global occurrence A foreign direct investment, as the name states, involves corporations who invest long term overseas. There are four types of FDI's for business corporations to choose from. The most commonly preferred for more corporations are mergers and acquisitions. They involve a transfer of assets from the originating corporation to the one which is foreign based. (Wikipedia, 2006). Greenfield investments are investments or expansions for a new corporation. There are two forms of vertical foreign direct investments which involve backward vertical FDI and forward vertical FDI. Backward vertical FDI involves an out of the country business which provides resources/assets to a domestic business. Forward vertical FDI involves a business abroad that sells the amount produced of a business's domestic production(s). A.T. Kearney Inc. is a global management consulting firm that is an active member of the Global Business Policy Council. This council aids and advises head executives on geopolitics, macroeconomics, technological changes, and macroeconomics worldwide (A.T. Kearney, 2006, p.1). A.T. Kearney spent over seven years surveying numerous head executives from over one thousand corporations worldwide for their opinions on future FDI growth and objectives. The companies and their executives that were surveyed comprise seventy percent of the cumulative FDI. In December 2005, A.T. Kearny published their findings in their FDI Confidence Index. The survey was comprised of sixty-eight countries that contribute ninety percent of the global FDI (A.T. Kearney, 2006, p. 2). They selected the top twenty-five countries according to their FDI confidence. These countries were ranked by a score given from zero to three. Scores closer to three was given to those countries with the highest amount of FDI conf idence. For example, China received the highest FDI confidence rating for a score of 2.197. Why would China be interested in foreign direct investments A country such as China is interested in FDI's to improve the economic state of its own country based on the numerous benefits of foreign enterprise investing. There are many advantages and attractions for foreign markets to invest in one of the worlds largest and growing markets. China's population was estimated in 2005 at over 1.3 billion people. It holds a large share of twenty percent of the world's total population estimated at 6.5 billion people. (Prasad, Eswar & Wei, Shang Jin,2005). Many multinational corporations will choose to invest in densely populated countries such as China. Companies will choose China because their own country lacks a sufficient labor supply. The cost of China's labor force is dramatically low in comparison to other surrounding Asian countries. Many foreign direct investors have found this cost effective and have created and brought millions of jobs to China. The US, a country which owes the m ajority of its yearly population growth from immigration, would find China to be a valuable source of manpower as well as an ever increasing and developing economy. On the other hand, the population growth has become so overwhelming high for China that the government has had to

Are Human Rights a Western Concept?

Are Human Rights a Western Concept? Do you agree that human rights are a western or modern concept, if not please cite two imperial examples of universal Human Rights in practice during pre-historic times. And the unending challenges in conflict with diversity, culture and religion in contemporary times? This essay will defined, explore and analyse the historical, theoretical and philosophical concept of universal human rights with comparative analysis of international instruments and its applications of human rights both in theory and context with empirical examples from different countries, culture and religion. The evolution of Human Rights in terms of its enduring challenges and successes will also be explored. The crux of this essay will focus on the controversial clash of culture and religious in practice against the backdrop in adapting to the concept of universal human rights. For example, this essay will attempt to present both opposite views and justification from a cultural and religious perspectives and against the practice of Female Gentile Mutilation (FGM) in Sierra Leone, and the violation of certain womens rights in Saudi Arabia, from a universal human rights perspective, which others tend to view as western liberal ideology. The first part of this essay will focus on the historical and theoretical aspect of human rights with comparative analysis of contemporary challenges and success in an attempt to juxtapose universal human rights against national laws and its direct challenge to cultural and religious justification in national defence with respect to these controversial topics, with an example of which both national activists and International actors continue to campaign against cultural practice such as FGM around the world with a direct focus on Sierra Leone. The Third section will explore and analyses human rights in Saudi Arabia and the cultural and religious influence with respect to the conflicting laws and individual rights challenges, particularly women. The fourth section will draw comparative analysis with Western countries like UK and USA in an attempt to explain cultural relativism with respect to the differences and common accepted human rights practices among these states. Human right history has been a long and controversial subject that stem from little known concept and history of human rights before 1945 around the same period the United Nations was established. Before then, certain intellectuals tend to hold the view that contemporary human rights history stems from the United Nations concept. The international convention on Economic, Social and cultural rights, is known as one of the fundamental declarations adopted by the General Assembly of the UN in the Declaration of Human Right, with provision for everyone to take part in cultural life, to enjoy the benefit of scientific progress and its applications, and to enjoy the protection of scientific, literary or artistic works. Article 13 points the rights of everyone to education, which shall be directed to the development of human personality and the sense of its , (UNESCO: 1998; 1). Although cultural rights are also indicated in numerous UNESCO conventions and recommendations, likewise in severa l other international documents, there is yet an unending challenges to implement cultural rights to its full potential. There is a clear evidence to suggest that there is a common relation between cultural rights and fundamental freedoms and individual rights such as freedom of belief and religion, the right to education, freedom of association and freedom of expression. (1998; 1). On Lockes view in his famous and influential Letter Concerning Toleration 1689 the state is concerned with external acts of human beings and not with the care of their souls and hence has no right to restrict individuals liberty in matters of faith. Churches are to be be understood as a voluntary societies for the public worship of God. Their members do not surrender their natural liberty in matters of religion to their church and so the church has no right to coerce its members beyond that of expelling them for appropriate reasons. (Charvet and Kaczynska- Nay: 2008; 29) The major theorist of the seventeen century who invented the individualist doctrine of natural rights were all Northern European protestants: Hugo Grotius of the Netherlands, Thomas Hobbs and John Locke of England and Samuerl Pufendorf of Germany. They developed a new understanding of the idea of natural law that was to serve as the foundation of a legitimate social and political order. Hugo Grotius who is widely known as the founder of modern natural law theory is also accepted as the originator of modern theory of international law, which is grounded on the law of nature, which is also grounded of the domestic theory. However, there is also a more inquisitorial common view of a long human right history way beyond contemporary history of human rights, which many refers to as a much better approach. Even though it is plagued with controversy, but it gives an opportunity to search beyond 1945 and challenge the former position with respect to the historical and philosophical aspects and concepts of human rights. Some argues that the concept of Human has a universal history in the various religious and philosophies of the world. The code of Hammurabi (c.1792-50 BC), King of Babylon, is said to be the oldest surviving text establishing the rule of law, Cyrus the Great (died 529 BC), King of Persia, proclaimed a policy of religious tolerance and abolished slavery. The Buddhist King Ashoka of India (c.264-38 BC) also proclaimed a policy of religious tolerance, provided for the health and educations of his people, and appointed officials to prevent wrongful punishments (Weeramantry 1997: 7-8). (Freeman 2011: 15-16). There are numerous challenges towards the view that human right is a western concept, such as the self evident of protections with non western cultural settings, which weakens the position of those claiming human rights to be a western concept. In1979, the UN General Assembly adopted the convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), the realization of this document stemmed from a cummulation of over three dacdes of work by the UN Commission on the Status of women including years of efforts by Womens rights activist and governments. This was initially commission in 1947 under the Commission of Human Rights as a sub-commission, with unending demands from women activists it was eventually promoted to a full commission, This is seen as the authoritative instrument of Womens bill of rights, which seek to protect women around the world. The Convention defines discrimination against women as: Any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field (Article 1), (2008;201) Whiles most states have ratified CEDAW, there have been an exceptionally high number of reservations made to it by states ratifying, several countries have entered reservations to Article 2 and 16 in particular; for example, Bangladesh and Egypt on grounds that they conflicts with Sharia law (Bangladesh subsequently withdrew its observation to Article 16). Saudi Arabia entered a general reservation stating that: [i]n case of contradiction between any term of the convention and the norms of Islamic law, the Kingdom is not under obligation to observe the contradictory terms of the convention. An Elimination of Discrimination Against Women stated: Article 2 and 16 are considered by the committee to be core provision of the convention. Although some states parties have withdrawn reservations to those articles, the committee is particularly concerned at the number and extent of the reservations entered to those articles. The commission holds the view that article 2 is central to the objec ts and purpose of the Convention. States parties which ratify the Convention do so because they agree that discrimination against women in all its form should be condemned and that the strategies set out in article 2, subparagraph (a) to (g), should be implemented by States parties to eliminate it. Neither traditional, religious or Cultural practice nor incompatible domestic laws and policies can justify violations of the convention. The Committee also remains convinced that reservations of article 16, whether lodged for national, traditional, religious or cultural reasons, are incompatible with the Convention and therefore impermissible and should be reviewed and modified o withdrawn. (2008; 204) In 1517, Martin Luther pinned his famous ninety-five these stacking Catholic practices and beliefs to a church door in Wittenberg, which eventually led to the unbelievable split of the Christian Church in the West known as the Reformation. Because of the anxiousness exhibited by leaders who were desperate to free themselves from the interference of the pope and emperors, they seized the opportunity to affirm their total independence by embracing the new protestant version of Christianity, which had achieved wide spread popularity. During this period the liberty of religious conscious was never acknowledged by the Medieval Catholic Church, violent persecution of heretical beliefs was frequent by the state. This eventually led series of suppression and war in the West. It has to be said that Protestant were not really reacting to the persecution by the Catholics. The main reformed churches, Lutheran, Calvinist and Anglecan, were as ardent persecutors of those who did not accept the true faith as the catholics. The indirect influence of the Reformation on the movement for the huge and continuing scale of the religiously inspired carnage and the direct influence of the Reformation on support of toleration came from the radical protestant sect such as; the Anabapitists and Baptist, Socinians and Unitarians. The main natural rights theories were directly involved in these concerns. Their main argument was that the naturalness of radical disagreement between human beings over religion and their idea of natural law was that it constitutes common ground in abstraction from areas of disagreement. Thus, they supported a minimalist view of Christian dogma and both Pufendorf and Locke wrote widely read works specifically on toleration using an argument from natural liberty. (Charvet and Kaczynska- Nay: 2008; 29) The complexity and contradiction of human rights law is nothing new when it comes to the human rights law and the relationship with the subject of culture and religious with respect to oppression and injustice, which is not always compatible. Human Rights law may have operated and practice around the world, but there is a disparity in terms of its universal acceptance and approaches different member States, which sometimes operates more or less in the same context, but sometimes produce inconsistent results. The process of ratification or legalizing human rights law have proved to be challenging, especially the subject of Womens rights and its relationship with religion, Culture and traditional resistance. Particularly the parochial world that view such move as threats to male privilege or centuries old practices, which others interpreted as an attempt by Western liberal to subjugate their culture, religion or traditional heritage. The 1993 Vianna World Conference on Human Rights can be noted as another defining moment in the struggle of Womens rights history to gain the recognition of womens rights and Human rights, which is another result derived from the complex and contradictory quagmire of legalizing womens rights. It is a heterogeneous project which precludes any formulation of grand theory. Its commonality lies in providing critical and necessary challenges to explanations about womens subordination that have been furnished by liberal and Western feminist positions, especially those that come to occupy the international human rights arena in their understanding and articulation of concerns of Third World women. Post colonial feminism furnishes the tools for exposing the imperial and essentialist assumptions about the Third World women and culture and a reliance on a centre-periphery model or world culture that have come to inform lrgal responses to womens human rights concerns. (Kapur 2005). (Meckled-Garcia and Cali: 2006;103) Women and the veil However, the cantering of a womens claims to social justice to human rights, the law has also have some serious limitation. The pursuits of women human rights has come to focus on laws and legal strategies, encouraging the view that the law is the exclusive language in which to express claim to social justice and emancipation and consequently marginalize the benefit of others/emancipatory and vocabularies (Kennedy 2004; 5). It encourages the belief that freedom and emancipation lie in the objectivity, universality and rational basis of human rights laws. (106) These claims made in and through Human rights law ultimately rely on a universal subject: a subject that resembles the uncomplicated subject of liberal rights discourse. Cultural essentialism tends to reinforce the notion of human rights as a primary concern with relation to the law, with main focus on the consequences and effects of violence against women in third world countries. Alhough they are invariably portrayed as victims of their culture, reinforcing stereotyped and racist representations of that culture and privileging the culture of the West. Many human rights law textbooks address the issue of violence against women in other contexts, primarily in a chapter on universality and cultural Relativism implying that universality is not a cultural concept that emerged from a specific historical and political context, and reinforcing the inaccurate assumption that the primary wary in which women in the Third world experience violence is through some particularly egregious cultural practice. This portrayal of women in Sierra Leone that practice FGM or (Bondo society) for example is encouraged by traditional and some influential members of that country, even though others vehemently opposed this practice as proposed by some feminist and human rights activist particularly in the international realm, which reminiscent of imperial interference in the lives of na tive people, which they often interpret as the backwardness of African culture and women society and uncivilized culture. It recreates the imperialist move that views the native subject as different and civilizationally backward (Sinha: 2000). And this culture is cast in opposition to the universal project of human rights. Some Cultural practices have come to occupy our imaginations in ways that are totalizing of a culture and its treatment of women, and are nearly always overly simplistic or a misrepresentation of the practice. For example, the multiple meanings of the veil, through different cultural and historical contexts, get subsumed in the legal arguments that focus on almost exclusively on veiling as an oppressive and subordinating practice that typifies Islam and its degrading treatment of women. It is read in a uniform, linear manner as an oppressive practice because it erases womens physical and sexual identity and is symbolic of the subjugation of women in Islam. For som e it does not represent honor, and an effective mechanism on avoid tempting men. More significantly, the veil has also been a very empowering symbol for muslim women in some countries. In Iran it was the sign of rebellion and rejection of the shah and Western imperialism. Amongst immigrants communities in the West, it is the symbol of an exclusive cultural space, where women are often marginalised. (Merinissi: 1994; 112-22). This complexity has been obscured in several recent attempts to ban or uphold the ban on headscarves. The European Court on Human REoights in Strasbourg has recently upheld the ban on the wearing of headscarves in class at University of Istanbul. It upheld Turkish Constitutional Courts ruling that wearing of a headscarves was in contravention of the principle of secularism and gender equality and that the upholding of such a ban did not violate rights to religious freedom and practice. One of the factors considered by the Court was the fact that there were extremist political movements in Turkey which sought to impose on society as a whole th eir religious symbols and conception of a society founded on religious (Meckled-Garcia and Cali: 2006;106) Conclusion

Bell Hooks A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change

Bell Hooks' "A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change" â€Å"Be not conformed to this world but be ye transformed by the renewal of your minds.† Romans 12:2. Bell Hooks quotes the bible to explain to her audience that people don’t always have to follow societies perceived notions concerning racism; instead they should think for themselves and construct their own opinions about what is right. Bell Hooks’ essay, â€Å"A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change,† speaks about the integrated public school system and it’s effect on society of the later 1950’s and 1960’s. Generally speaking towards African Americans and whites alike, the author apprehensively talks about how she plans on attending her first ever high school reunion. She recounts the friendship that she and a white male had formed during her high school years and how it was deemed unacceptable at the time because she was an African American female. Bell Hooks goes on to in her essay to remember her feelings as an African American in a society that she thought needed a social change to end all racism. She wanted society to move from a segregated culture to cultural diversification. Bell Hooks’ essay is successful because of her strong use of many different sources of expert support, as well as her influential uses of both pathos and ethos to maintain her argument to end racism. During the time period this essay was written, Dr. Martin Luther King was the one of the most recognizable and influential advocates for civil rights and racial justice. He still holds this title today for many. In Bell Hooks’ essay, she uses King’s works to further prove not only her own belief on ending racism, but Dr. King’s same view as well. Hooks says q... ...She uses examples from not only her own life experiences, but from other’s as well. In doing so, she creates an emotional connection between herself and the reader, making it easier for the reader to understand the author’s purpose and argument. Hooks’ use of ethos shows her universal interest in the common good of humanity. By using this method, the audience is more susceptible to understanding her argument. If the reader feels the author is concerned for their well being, it is more likely that the reader will again, agree with the author’s argument. The techniques Hooks’ has used portray her argument and essay as successful. The audience is able to relate and understand the purpose more easily. The entire essay has a positive tone about changing the world to better it, all the while having a strong negative tone denouncing any need for discrimination and racism. Bell Hooks' A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change Bell Hooks' "A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change" â€Å"Be not conformed to this world but be ye transformed by the renewal of your minds.† Romans 12:2. Bell Hooks quotes the bible to explain to her audience that people don’t always have to follow societies perceived notions concerning racism; instead they should think for themselves and construct their own opinions about what is right. Bell Hooks’ essay, â€Å"A Revolution of Values: The Promise of Multicultural Change,† speaks about the integrated public school system and it’s effect on society of the later 1950’s and 1960’s. Generally speaking towards African Americans and whites alike, the author apprehensively talks about how she plans on attending her first ever high school reunion. She recounts the friendship that she and a white male had formed during her high school years and how it was deemed unacceptable at the time because she was an African American female. Bell Hooks goes on to in her essay to remember her feelings as an African American in a society that she thought needed a social change to end all racism. She wanted society to move from a segregated culture to cultural diversification. Bell Hooks’ essay is successful because of her strong use of many different sources of expert support, as well as her influential uses of both pathos and ethos to maintain her argument to end racism. During the time period this essay was written, Dr. Martin Luther King was the one of the most recognizable and influential advocates for civil rights and racial justice. He still holds this title today for many. In Bell Hooks’ essay, she uses King’s works to further prove not only her own belief on ending racism, but Dr. King’s same view as well. Hooks says q... ...She uses examples from not only her own life experiences, but from other’s as well. In doing so, she creates an emotional connection between herself and the reader, making it easier for the reader to understand the author’s purpose and argument. Hooks’ use of ethos shows her universal interest in the common good of humanity. By using this method, the audience is more susceptible to understanding her argument. If the reader feels the author is concerned for their well being, it is more likely that the reader will again, agree with the author’s argument. The techniques Hooks’ has used portray her argument and essay as successful. The audience is able to relate and understand the purpose more easily. The entire essay has a positive tone about changing the world to better it, all the while having a strong negative tone denouncing any need for discrimination and racism.

Farley, Mowat’s “Never cry wolf” Essay

Farley, Mowat’s â€Å"Never cry wolf,† is a book based on the research of the lifestyle of wolves in the Arctic Circle. Mowat uses his experience to educate the society of the social ills conducted by the hunters towards the wolves. The book displays the risk that the wolf pack families face due to the human activities in the area. The title of the book acts as a symbol in reference to the story of the boy who cried wolf. The book thus enables the reader to think beyond the tile so as to form an opinion of the author’s message. The book challenges the human communities who are in charge of the nature around them. Humans tend to overstep their authority by infringing on the rights of the wolves. The analysis of the book educates the society of the inhumane activities that humans are inflicting on the animals. Different passages from the book Interpretation of the passage and meaning I was born and grew up in the farm and never knew what it was to have all I wanted or needed as a teenager in the late 20s The author talks of his life as a child. He was exposed to animals at an early stage in life due to his parent’s lifestyle. This is a contributing factor to his love for animals. That night the inevitable happened. We were awakened by the most frightful uproar. It seemed to consist of furious barking of a dozen dogs mingled with the roaring of the menagerie of lions The passage elaborates the intensity of the nature that surrounds him. The conflict between the dogs and the lions displays the fight for power amongst the animals. Then there were the birds. That spring Angus had bought me a field guide and with its help, I identified forty species that were new to me. The author’s exposure to different bird species enabled him to identify with the different lifestyles that they had. Angus developed a love for all forms of wildlife which in turn made him aware of the plight that the animals had. My most cherished images of the mountain country were not of the forbidding peaks but of the animals The author admits that he has a special place for the animals. The country has a number of natural resources that are fascinating to any visitor. Amongst all these features, he places priority on animals making them his favorite pastime. Although I would now commit such atrocities against some of the most beautiful creatures extant, I cannot honestly censor the boy who was for what he did then The author admits that his actions are reflective to that of other men. His treatment of the animals is not desirable initially. He learns how to appreciate all sorts of animals making him an advocate for their livelihood. â€Å"The wolf is a savage, powerful killer. It is one of the most feared and hated animals known to man and with excellent reason† Chapter 6, pg. 60. The passage showcases the dangers that the wolf portrays. Human beings often misinterpret the actions of the wolf due to its dangerous nature. Despite the fact that the wolf continues to become extinct, it poses a threat to the human beings who live next to the packs. This makes the world undesirable by man. â€Å"Evidence obtained by various Government agencies from hunters, trappers and traders seemed to prove that the plunge of the caribou toward extinction was primarily†¦ The intervention by the government saw the danger that the wolves are exposed to. Human activities were mostly responsible for these dynamics making them the number on culprits. This also displayed possible extinction of the breed of wolves if authorities continued to ignore the circumstances. â€Å"I had made my decision that, from this hour onward, I would go open-minded into the lupine world and lean to see and know the wolves, not for what they were supposed to be, but for what they actually are† Chapter 7, pg. 77. Morwat made a personal decision to protect the wildlife from the outside environment. One of the steps he takes is orienting himself with the lives of the wolves. This involves learning about the exact nature of the wolves instead of forming an assumption about them. This in turn will help remove the ignorance that he had so as to improve society’s awareness of the wolves. In conclusion, human beings are responsible for the surrounding environment. This involves observing the safety of all animals in and outside the wild. This is however, not the case in that the number of wild animals continues to diminish due to the human activity. The wolves are one of the animals that continue to face the wrath of human beings. The analysis of the book is thus ideal for the education of the public. This in turn will improve the existing relationship between man and nature.

Farmers essays

Farmers essays At the beginning of American history, agriculture was the main economic foundation. Profits gained from crops such as tobacco helped the country to prosper. Though by the late nineteenth century, new technology and the famous industrial revolution shifted the economic foundation of the United States. America was passing through a lot of political and economic changes, and the population boomed due to a massive immigration from Europeans. Still, one half of the U.S. population still consisted of farmers. As industries expanded with every decade, the situation of the farmers became harder and harder. Crops such as wheat and cotton were selling at very low prices, and this meant fewer profits for farmers. Furthermore, foreign competition, droughts, grass hopper plagues made the toiling farmers miserable and poor. During the last years of the century, all this problems caused farmers to unite and fight for what they thought was threatening their way of life such as monopolies, shortage o f money, and railroad companies. Some of their complaints were valid and well supported while others were not. The boomed of industries in the late nineteenth century, led monopolies and trusts to appear. People like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller became the first millionaires of the nation through their companies in steel and oil, respectively. However, the constantly increased of monopolies worried the farmers. In the cartoon The Farmers Voice the industries are the masters and the farmers are the slaves. Farmers worried that without competition, prices would dramatically increase, and consumption would decrease. Farmers feared the impact on their economic gains by the industrial decisions. James B. Weaver wrote in his A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising, Monopolies limit the price of raw material so as to impoverish the producer, drive him to a single market, and reduce the price of every class...

Unit V Assessment#1 DALY - Disability-Adjusted Life Year Essay

Unit V Assessment#1 DALY - Disability-Adjusted Life Year Essay Unit V Assessment#1 DALY a The Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) is a concept which was coined by the World Health Organization to describe the idea that not all years arecreated equally in health terms. For example, an individual who is suffering from a disability such as COPD will not have the same quality of life as a completely healthy individual and therefore their year cannot be quantified in the same way. It is a way of understanding the burden of disease on lifestyles and judge how much of a burden different issues are on how an individual lives their life (Gurjar, Molina & Ojha 170).b According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 4.6 million life-years are lost due to air pollution every year (Gurjar, Molina & Ojha 173). c Particle size has an effect on health. Particles which are larger than 10 nanometers in diameter are found in the upper regions of the respiratory tract, such as the nose and upper throat. Particles 1 nanometers in diameter or less can reach the lower areas of the resp iratory tract, such as the very base of the lung (Gurjar, Molina & Ojha 171). The types of effect that these have on health therefore differ – larger particles are likely to cause superficial illness such as a cough, whereas smaller particles in the lower echelons of the lung are likely to have a larger effect as they are more likely to reach the blood stream and other areas of the body. All particles can cause premature death, heart attacks, irregular heartbeat and problems in individuals with asthma, as well as being linked to COPD (Gurjar, Molina & Ojha 180).Gurjar, B. R., Molina, L. T., & Ojha, C. S. P. (2010). Air pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts.

Examples of Art and the Historical Aspects They Give Article - 1

Examples of Art and the Historical Aspects They Give - Article Example The present research has identified that the Magenta, Black, Green on Orange painting expressed religious experiences that Rothko had during the painting. People who viewed the paint experienced the same feelings. This was evident as some people would even cry when they viewed the painting. It shows deep emotions that manifested when man faced certain circumstances. Martha Knowles and Thomas Henrietta’s painting of my sweet sister Emma is a piece of art that has used warm colors to give a warm feeling. This piece of art is slightly similar to Rothko’s art, in that they both used blocks of color, which seems to give almost the same visual effects. Emma received this piece of art as a gift for her wedding. This piece shows warmth that families share. This piece moves from one family member to another over time that is from one generation to another. This has the effect of spreading love and strong family bonds. The piece also shows how people interacted back in history an d how strong bonds of love and family warmth took place. The picture displays exceedingly strong bonds that are evident in human life. Michelangelo Buonarroti is a painting, well known as Doni Tondo. The painting has a wooden frame that is magnificent. It has five heads that symbolize Jesus, two sables and two prophets. The frame is a symbol of court of arms of the Strozzi and Doni families. The piece of painting demonstrates Mary taking up Jesus from Joseph. On the background, John, the Baptist appears. This painting shows a transition from the times of paganism. It demonstrates early Christianity. The painting primarily features the holy family. The painting shows the humans salvation and mortality. It shows Jesus as the Christ and the way humans look up to Him for salvation.

The Broadway Cafe Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Broadway Cafe - Research Paper Example As it is mentioned, presently, most of the operations are not recorded, and the ones recorded are done so manually. Though businesses normally rely on lots of different spreadsheets, notes and data, the coffee shop, fortunately, has very little information on record. So, the first step would be to develop a database of all the items of the coffee shop, ranging from different specialized coffees, teas, bakery items, sandwiches, soups, and salads. Though Broadway Cafe has years of tradition and accumulated knowledge, they all lie in the hands of my grandfather. So, a Knowledge Management system will be introduced to prevent the loss of that information for good. Furthermore, the recipes of all items will be stored on computer, and only selected staff of the coffee shop will have access to the recipes, though information on items and their prices can be accessed by everyone. The next step will be to make the payrolls of the employees computerized. Using grandfather’s memory and e mployees’ help, the work history and payment of each employee will be stored on computer. The next stage will be to place computer kiosks so that all sales and purchases are recorded. Thus, all the transactions of the bakery will get computerized in the beginning. Here, help will be sought from accounting staff and IT experts as to what kind of information is required to be stored and assessed for smooth functioning of the firm. At this stage, I intend to introduce a special IT-based collaboration system for Broadway Cafe. This will help the sharing of knowledge and information among employees, customers, suppliers, and all others who are interested in Broadway Cafe. The best collaboration system for the cafe, in my opinion, will be a groupware system. This Groupware software will allow group interaction events such as calendaring, scheduling, and video-conferencing. It is very evident that having this system will allow the cafe to communicate with our customers and suppliers . In addition, this will help complete various tasks in time by properly listing things on an e-calendar. However, database backup is very important for the cafe. So, care will be taken to ensure everyday backup of information. In addition, there will be weekly back of important information. In addition, to ensure computer safety, employees will be allowed access only to limited areas of information that are needed for the smooth functioning of the cafe. Now, customers will have many options to order a product from Broadway Cafe. They can directly order at our counters, they can utilize the kiosks placed inside and just outside the cafe, or they can order from home by visiting our site. For easiness of payment, we will be introducing PayPal. Now, it seems that there are certain necessary renovations to be introduced at the cafe. The first one will be introducing an attractive menu, attractive uniform for the staff, and television screens and music in the cafe. In addition, internet facility will be made available in the cafe so that even the busiest business executive gets a chance to have a coffee while doing his business. After introducing these basic changes, it is time for the cafe to move on to think about developing its business using Information Technology. Now, after having computerized the cafe, it is time to use latest technology for attracting customers.